Android发送短信有两种主要方式：调起系统发短信功能或调用系统短信接口直接发送。
在Android设备上发送短信可以通过调用系统API或者使用Intent来调起系统的短信应用，以下是关于如何在Android中发送短信的详细步骤：
一、准备工作
1、权限声明：在AndroidManifest.xml文件中声明发送短信的权限。
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS" />
2、用户界面布局：创建一个简单的用户界面，包括输入电话号码和短信内容的文本框以及发送按钮。
<!-activity_main.xml -->
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<EditText
android:id="@+id/ed_phone"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="Phone Number" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/ed_content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="Message Content" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/bt_send"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Send SMS" />
</LinearLayout>二、代码实现
1. 获取用户输入并发送短信
// MainActivity.java
package com.example.sendsms;
import android.Manifest;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.telephony.SmsManager;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private EditText edPhone, edContent;
private static final int SEND_SMS = 100;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
edPhone = findViewById(R.id.ed_phone);
edContent = findViewById(R.id.ed_content);
Button btSend = findViewById(R.id.bt_send);
btSend.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
requestPermission();
}
});
}
private void requestPermission() {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.SEND_SMS) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.SEND_SMS}, SEND_SMS);
} else {
sendSMSS();
}
} else {
sendSMSS();
}
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
if (requestCode == SEND_SMS && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
sendSMSS();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "Permission Denied", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
private void sendSMSS() {
String phone = edPhone.getText().toString().trim();
String content = edContent.getText().toString().trim();
if (!phone.isEmpty() && !content.isEmpty()) {
SmsManager smsManager = SmsManager.getDefault();
List<String> dividedMessages = smsManager.divideMessage(content);
for (String text : dividedMessages) {
smsManager.sendTextMessage(phone, null, text, null, null);
}
Toast.makeText(this, "短信发送成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "请填写完整的电话和内容", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}2. 参数说明
destinationAddress：目标电话号码。
scAddress：短信中心号码，测试可以不填。
text。
sentIntent：发送状态的意图，包装了短信发送状态的信息。
deliveryIntent：接收状态的意图，包装了短信是否被对方收到的状态信息。
三、处理返回的发送状态
为了监控短信的发送状态，可以使用PendingIntent来处理返回的发送状态和接收状态。
// 处理返回的发送状态
String SENT_SMS_ACTION = "SENT_SMS_ACTION";
Intent sentIntent = new Intent(SENT_SMS_ACTION);
PendingIntent sentPI = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context, 0, sentIntent, 0);
context.registerReceiver(new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
switch (getResultCode()) {
case Activity.RESULT_OK:
Toast.makeText(context, "短信发送成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_GENERIC_FAILURE:
case SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_RADIO_OFF:
case SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_NULL_PDU:
break;
}
}
}, new IntentFilter(SENT_SMS_ACTION));四、处理返回的接收状态
// 处理返回的接收状态
String DELIVERED_SMS_ACTION = "DELIVERED_SMS_ACTION";
Intent deliverIntent = new Intent(DELIVERED_SMS_ACTION);
PendingIntent deliverPI = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context, 0, deliverIntent, 0);
context.registerReceiver(new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context, "收信人已经成功接收", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}, new IntentFilter(DELIVERED_SMS_ACTION));五、完整示例代码汇总
以下是一个完整的示例代码，展示了如何在Android中实现发送短信的功能，包括用户界面、权限请求、短信发送以及发送状态的处理。
// MainActivity.java
package com.example.sendsms;
import android.Manifest;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.telephony.SmsManager;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private EditText edPhone, edContent;
private static final int SEND_SMS = 100;
private static final String SENT_SMS_ACTION = "SENT_SMS_ACTION";
private static final String DELIVERED_SMS_ACTION = "DELIVERED_SMS_ACTION";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
edPhone = findViewById(R.id.ed_phone);
edContent = findViewById(R.id.ed_content);
Button btSend = findViewById(R.id.bt_send);
btSend.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
requestPermission();
}
});
}
private void requestPermission() {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.SEND_SMS) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.SEND_SMS}, SEND_SMS);
} else {
sendSMSS();
}
} else {
sendSMSS();
}
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
if (requestCode == SEND_SMS && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
sendSMSS();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "Permission Denied", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
private void sendSMSS() {
String phone = edPhone.getText().toString().trim();
String content = edContent.getText().toString().trim();
if (!phone.isEmpty() && !content.isEmpty()) {
SmsManager smsManager = SmsManager.getDefault();
List<String> dividedMessages = smsManager.divideMessage(content);
for (String text : dividedMessages) {
smsManager.sendTextMessage(phone, null, text, null, null);
}
Toast.makeText(this, "短信发送成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "请填写完整的电话和内容", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}